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CompareMOTS-c

A mitochondria-derived peptide studied for metabolism and exercise capacity.

NAD+

A core cellular coenzyme that declines with age — popular for 'energy', thin on proof.

CategoryLongevity & SkinLongevity & Skin
Evidence 2/5Mostly mouse studies; very early human work (levels rise with exercise). 2/5Strong biology and mouse aging studies; human trials mostly test oral precursors (NR, NMN). Direct NAD+ injection/infusion has only small pharmacokinetic studies.
FDA statusNot FDA-approvedNot FDA-approved as a drug
WADA (sport)Not prohibitedNot prohibited
Also known asMitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA-cNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, β-NAD, Coenzyme I
How it worksActivates AMPK and shifts cellular metabolism, mimicking some exercise effects.Shuttles electrons in energy metabolism and is consumed by sirtuins, PARPs (DNA repair) and CD38. Injected NAD+ is likely broken down to smaller precursors outside cells before being taken up, so how much reaches cells intact is unclear.
Half-lifeShortShort in blood (minutes to hours); quickly broken down to precursors
Commonly reported doses
  • Community: 5 mg, 3× per week
  • Community-reported: 50 mg, 2–3× weekly
  • Community-reported daily low: 25 mg, once daily, 5 days a week
RouteSubcutaneousSubcutaneous
Good once mixed~28 days in the fridge~14 days in the fridge
Top side effects
  • Injection-site irritation
  • Fatigue
  • Occasional flushing
  • Injection-site stinging or burning
  • Flushing, warmth, chest tightness (especially with fast injection or IV)
  • Nausea, stomach cramps
Lowest price per mg$2.02 (40 mg vial, 40% off)$0.08 (500 mg vial, 40% off)
Latest lab purity99.81% (lot MTC0003)99.18% (lot NAD0002)
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